Soyuz MS-23

Launched uncrewed to replace Soyuz MS-22, whose service module radiator was punctured by a suspected micrometeoroid in December 2022, draining its coolant and rendering the spacecraft unsafe for crew return. Soyuz MS-22 subsequently undocked and returned to Earth uncrewed on 28 March 2023.

The MS-22 crew - Sergey Prokopyev, Dmitry Petelin, and NASA astronaut Frank Rubio - returned aboard MS-23 on 27 September 2023 after 371 days in orbit. Rubio's mission, originally planned for six months, set a new US record for the longest single spaceflight by an American, surpassing Mark Vande Hei's 355 days.